2010同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)名詞ing形式
來(lái)源:在職研究生招生信息網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2011-10-24 12:40:54
動(dòng)詞的 -ing形式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式,由動(dòng)詞原形加 -ing構(gòu)成,包括 -ing分詞 和 -ing動(dòng)名詞??梢栽诰渥又杏米髦髡Z(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
1.一般形式
Seeing is believing. 眼見為信。
Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火車到杭州要16個(gè)小時(shí)。
2.通常為了避免句子主語(yǔ)過(guò)于冗長(zhǎng),用it作形式主語(yǔ)。如:
It‘s nice talking with you. 和你談話很高興。
It‘s no use arguing with him. 跟他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)用。
3.“There + be + no + -ing”結(jié)構(gòu),此結(jié)構(gòu)的意義相當(dāng)于“It‘s impossible + 不定式”。如:
There is no harm in doing so. 這樣做沒(méi)有害處。
作表語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞 -ing可用來(lái)作表語(yǔ)。如:
This food smells inviting. 這種食物香味怡人。
My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳。
Their job is cleaning the window. 他們的工作是打掃窗子。
作賓語(yǔ)
1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以用作動(dòng)詞、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
I warned her against driving fast.
Jim dislikes eating chocolate.
2.有些動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后接作賓語(yǔ)的非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能是-ing分詞,常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:admit, acknowledge, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape,fancy, finish, forgive, face, endure, involve, give up, imagine, mention, mind, miss, pardon,practise, require, resent, resist, suggest, recall, resist, understand等。
The doctor advised taking more exercise. 醫(yī)生建議多鍛煉。
I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建議用不同的方法做。
3.大部分“動(dòng)詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,只能后接動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語(yǔ)。
這些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:think of, give up, aim at, put off, insist on, persist in, be good at, do well in, can‘t help, keep on, leave off, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, set about等。
以下為to作介詞的短語(yǔ)有:be used to, object to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to, see to, submit to, adapt to, apply to, accede to, get to, prefer to, adjust to, owe to,react to等。
Do you feel like having a drink? 你想喝點(diǎn)飲料嗎?
I prefer swimming to playing basketball. 我喜歡游泳勝于打籃球。
4.有些動(dòng)詞既可能帶-ing分詞作賓語(yǔ),也可以帶to不定式作賓語(yǔ),但在語(yǔ)義上卻有很大的差別。如:
⑴chance to do 碰巧去做某事 chance doing 冒險(xiǎn)試一試做某事
⑵forget to do 忘記要去做某事 forget doing 忘記曾做過(guò)某事
⑶go on to do 接著又做另一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做同一件事
⑷remember to do 記得要去做某事 remember doing 記得曾做過(guò)某事
⑸stop to do 停下來(lái)去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事
⑹try to do 努力做某事 try doing 試一試做某事
⑺regret to do 對(duì)將要做的事表示遺憾 regret doing 對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示遺憾
⑻mean to do 打算/想做某事 mean doing 意味著/意思是做某事